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Carbon is an element. Diamond, graphite, and carbon black are all carbon; the carbonates, like calcite, contain some carbon in combination with other elements.

Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz often used in jewelry and loved by many. The name comes from the ancient Greek  ("not") and ("intoxicated"), a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. According to the American Gem Society, Amethyst is purple quartz and is a beautiful blend of violet and red that can be found in every corner...